The United States and Iran have signed a landmark 14-point Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) aimed at ending hostilities, reopening the strategic Strait of Hormuz, easing economic restrictions and paving the way for a comprehensive peace and nuclear agreement within 60 days.
The agreement, signed electronically by U.S. President Donald Trump and Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian, is being hailed as the most significant diplomatic breakthrough between the two countries in years, following months of heightened tensions and conflict.
Under the deal, both sides committed to an immediate and permanent cessation of military operations, including in Lebanon, and pledged to refrain from future threats or use of force against each other.
The memorandum, The Daily Crucible gathered, also requires both nations to respect each other’s sovereignty and territorial integrity while negotiating a final agreement within a 60-day window that can be extended by mutual consent.
A key component of the accord is the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz, one of the world’s most important energy corridors. Iran is expected to facilitate safe commercial navigation through the waterway, while the United States will begin lifting its naval blockade and restrictions on Iranian maritime activities within 30 days.
The memorandum also outlines significant economic incentives. Washington agreed to begin the process of easing sanctions, allow Iranian oil exports through waivers, and discuss the release of frozen Iranian assets. In addition, the U.S. and regional partners are expected to develop a reconstruction and economic development package for Iran worth at least $300 billion as part of a final settlement.
On the nuclear issue, Iran reaffirmed that it would not seek or develop nuclear weapons. However, more contentious matters—including the future of Tehran’s nuclear programme, enriched uranium stockpiles and long-term verification mechanisms—have been deferred to the next phase of negotiations.
While supporters have welcomed the agreement as a major step toward regional stability and the restoration of global energy flows, critics in the United States have argued that the deal grants Tehran substantial economic concessions without imposing tougher restrictions on its nuclear and missile programmes.
The signing of the memorandum starts a critical 60-day diplomatic countdown during which both governments will attempt to transform the interim arrangement into a comprehensive and lasting agreement.
